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The Museum of Natural History, formerly the British Museum (Natural History), a British museum of natural sciences that has national and international responsibilities for taxonomic and associated research based on its remarkable collection of specimens and its extensive libraries. It is located next to the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Science Museum in South Kensington, London. The museum was formerly an integral part of the British Museum, which was founded in 1753 when the government acquired Sir Hans Sloane's collections. Under the supervision of Richard Owen, the natural history collections were moved to the current precinct, which was opened to the public in 1881. Specially designed for this purpose by Alfred Waterhouse, the building is a remarkable example of Victorian Romanesque architecture. It has been expanded several times, mainly to provide warehouses and facilities for museum services. By Parliament's 1963 act, the Natural History Museum gained its own board of directors and became fully independent of the British Museum. In 1986, the administrators took over responsibility for the adjacent Geological Museum, which is now directly accessible from the Natural History Museum. There is also a branch museum in Tring, Hertfordshire, 30 miles (50 km) northwest of London. Known as the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum, it was bequeathed to the nation by Baron II Rothschild in the early 20th century. The museum's collections include nearly 70 million copies from around the world. These include a large number of specimens of the type, plants and animals from which the species were first described and named. There are also extremely significant historical collections, such as those of James Cook from his expeditions to the Pacific and Charles Darwin from his voyage on HMS Beagle. The collections are organized in departments of botany, entomology, mineralogy, paleontology and zoology; an ornithology sub-department is based in Tring. Despite the academic nature of its activity, the museum presents a series of popular exhibitions.
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