1/.
1) 2NaCl + 2H2O --electroliza--> 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
2) 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
3) NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O
4) NaCl + AgNO3 --> AgCl + NaNO3
5) 2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
6) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 --> BaSO4 + 2NaCl
7) 2NaOH + CuSO4 --> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
8) 2NaOH + FeCl2 --> Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
9) 3NaOH + FeCl3 --> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
10) CaCO3 --toC--> CaO + CO2
11) CaO + H2O --> Ca(OH)2
12) Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3 + H2O
baze:
NaOH, hidroxid de sodiu, solubila
Cu(OH)2, hidroxid de cupru, insolubila
Fe(OH)2, hidroxid de fier II (feros), insolubil
Fe(OH)3, hidroxid de fier III (feric), insolubil
Ca(OH)2, hidroxid de calciu, partial solubil
260 kg NaCl .......................... 100% impura
m kg ............................................. 90% pura
= 234 kg NaCl pura
234 g n1 kg
2NaCl + 2H2O --electroliza--> 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
2x58,5 2x40
=> n1 = 234x2x40/2x58,5 = 160 kg NaOH format la electroliza
2,3 kg n2 kg
2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
2x23 2x40
=> n2 = 2,3x2x40/2x23 = 4 kg NaOH format din Na
=> n.tot = n1+n2= 164 kg NaOH obtinut
164 kg md
NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H2O
40 36,5
=> md = 164x36,5/40 = 149,65 kg HCl
din c% = mdx100/ms
=> ms = mdx100/c%
= 149,65x100/36,5 = 410 kg sol. HCl
234 g v1 m3 v2 m3
2NaCl + 2H2O --electroliza--> 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
2x58,5 22,4 22,4
=> v1 = v2 = 234x22,4/2x40 = 65,52 m3 H2 + 65,52 m3 Cl2
=> V.amestec.gaze.electroliza = 131,04 m3
2/.
a)
Ca(OH)2
avem 40g Ca + 2x16g O + 2x1g H
=> Ca : O : H = 40 : 32 : 2 /:2 = 20 : 16: 1
b)
Fe(OH)2, avem M = 56+2(16+1) = 90 g/mol
90g ....... 56g Fe ..... 32g O ......... 2g H
100% ......... a% ........... b% ............... c%
= 62,22% = 35,55% = 2,22%
c)
m mg 40 mmoli
Ni(OH)2 + 2HCl --> NiCl2 + H2O
93 2
=> m = 93x40/2 = 1860 mg = 1,86 g Ni(OH)2
