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The Netherlands is located in the northwest of Europe. To the south of them is Belgium, to the east - Germany, in the north and west the Netherlands washes cold north sea.
We often call the Netherlands Holland, although Holland is only 2 of the 12 provinces of this country. The Netherlands literally means “low lands” - a third of the country's territory lies below sea level. Over the past 400 years, dams and dams have been able to push back the North Sea and drain the former seabed, but now the land is too small for 14.8 million Dutch.
The climate of the Netherlands is cool and humid, the land is fertile. Many are engaged in agriculture. Numerous roads and canals connect cities. The country produces iron and steel, fabrics and clothing, electrical equipment, and extracts natural gas.
The Kingdom of the Netherlands is part of the European Union, uniting 16 states. Formally, the power belongs to the royal family, but all important political decisions are made by the government, whose residence is in The Hague. The capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam.
The total length of the canals of Amsterdam - cities on the water - more than 80 km, they connect Amsterdam with the River Rhine and other parts of the Netherlands. Amsterdam is the capital and largest city of the country. It is located in the north of the Netherlands and is a global diamond processing centre. The State Museum displays the richest collection of Dutch paintings.
The golden age of the Netherlands is considered the XVII century. After centuries of the depending country became one of the commercials, industrial and cultural centres of Europe. From the 9th to the 15th century, the Netherlands was ruled either by the French kings, or the dukes of Burgundy, or, finally, by Spain. In the 16th century, Dutch Protestants rebelled against Catholics: the Spaniards, after 80 years of war, in 1648, achieved independence.
The colonies played a significant role in the country's prosperity. But the Dutch flourishing culture and trade were short lived. The wars with England and France weakened the country, and in the XVIII century decay has come. During the Second World War, the Netherlands again experienced a period of occupation - this time from Germany. In 1957, the country participated in the creation of the European Economic Community, and today it cooperates in building a united Europe.
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