1. c = concentratia
md = masa sarii (in cazul de fata)
ms = masa solutiei
c/100 = md/ms
a) 15/100 = md/240
md = (15 x 240) : 100 = 36 g
b) 10/100 = md/240
md = (10 x 240) : 100 = 24 g
2. x - pretul obiectului
I marire : x + 20/100 x = 100/100 +20/100 x = 120/100 x
a II -a marire : 120/100 x + 20/100 * 120/100 x =242
6/5 x + 6/5 x = 242
12/5 x = 242
x = (242 * 5) : 12 = 100,83 lei